The Essay applies a critical race and technology approach to examine a dimension of policing and criminalization that is taking new shape through advancing technology: collective state and private partnerships to control and monitor Black lives. It theorizes these practices as a form of crowdsourced surveillance that manifests in at least three ways: (1) in instances where law enforcement is given direct access to privately owned surveillance technology; (2) when private citizens are encouraged to use publicly owned surveillance technology to surveil fellow citizens; and (3) through digital public surveillance that is financed by wealthy private citizens and other third parties.
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